What is a site survey?

A site survey, also known as a wireless site survey or a radio frequency (RF) site survey, is a crucial process for planning and deploying a wireless network, particularly for Wi-Fi. It involves a thorough on-site assessment to gather data about the environment and identify potential challenges that could impact network performance. The purpose of a site survey is to optimize the design and placement of access points (APs) to ensure adequate coverage, capacity, and performance.

Here's a breakdown of key aspects:

• Purpose: To determine the optimal locations for access points (APs) to provide reliable wireless coverage and capacity throughout the desired area.

• Data Collection: Site surveys involve gathering various types of data, including:

  • Building layout and floor plans: Helps visualize the physical space and identify potential obstructions.
  • Signal strength measurements: Measured at various locations to assess existing RF conditions.
  • Interference sources: Identifying other wireless devices or equipment that could interfere with the Wi-Fi signal.
  • Building materials: Different materials (e.g., concrete, metal) affect signal attenuation differently.
  • Obstacles: Walls, furniture, and other objects can block or weaken signals.
  • User density and usage patterns: Understanding how many users will be accessing the network and the types of applications they will be using helps determine the necessary capacity.
  • Security requirements: Understanding the security needs of the network and considering the placement of APs to avoid signal leakage.

• Types of Site Surveys:

  • Passive Site Survey: Involves listening to existing wireless signals to identify potential interference sources and map existing coverage.
  • Active Site Survey: Uses a test access point to transmit signals and measure signal strength at various locations.
  • Predictive Site Survey: Uses software to simulate wireless coverage based on building plans and material characteristics. This is often done as a preliminary step before a physical survey.

• Tools: Site survey tools include:

  • Spectrum analyzers: Used to identify and measure RF interference.
  • Wireless network adapters: Used to measure signal strength and analyze network performance.
  • Site survey software: Provides tools for mapping coverage, analyzing data, and generating reports.

• Report Generation: The final step involves creating a detailed report that summarizes the findings of the survey and provides recommendations for AP placement, configuration, and other network design considerations. The report typically includes heatmaps showing signal strength coverage, identifies potential problem areas, and provides a bill of materials (BOM) for the required equipment.

Important subjects to consider:

• Building Layout
• Signal Strength
• Interference Sources
• Access Points
• RF Conditions